Costa Rica Trip Report

6th - 19th February 2022

Osa Peninsula
The Osa Peninsula, south-west Costa Rica

At the end of January 2022, I finally took the plunge and organised my first foreign trip for over two years. I'd visited Costa Rica ten years previously but had always planned to return so having satisfied myself that the various Covid regulations were manageable I booked fligthts, a rental 4x4 and various lodges... and two weeks later I was on my way!


Cloud Forest of the Southern Central Mountains

Three hours after picking up my smart little Suzuki 4-wheel drive I found myself surrounded by the genuine cloud forest of San Gerado de Dota in the Southern Central Mountains. Eco-tourism and in particular birding is the main industry here and all the lodges put out food and offer a variety of bird tours with the star attraction being the superb Resplendent Quetzal. My first call was the Paraiso Quetzal Lodge where I paid a small visitor fee and was treated to dozens of brightly coloured hummingbirds buzzing around my head on their way to and from the feeders.

It wasn't just Hummingbirds benefitting from the food on offer and my next stop at Marian's Quetzals provided great views of birds such as Hairy and Acorn Woodpeckers, Long-tailed Silky-flycatcher, Black-billed Nightingale-thrush and Sooty-capped Bush-tanager as well as several cheeky Red-tailed Squirrels. I stayed one night at the very pleasant Cabinas el Quetzal, was up at dawn for the short walk to a known site with excellent views of Resplendent Quetzal before returning to the lodge for breakfast.

Volcano Hummingbird (Selasphorus flammula) feeding
Volcano Hummingbird (Selasphorus flammula)

Beautiful Acorn Woodpecker (Melanerpes formicivorus) Resplendent Quetzal (Pharomachrus mocinno) image
Acorn Woodpecker (Melanerpes formicivorus)
Resplendent Quetzal (Pharomachrus mocinno)


The Osa Peninsula

Still struggling to accustom myself to the left-hand drive vehicle on winding mountain roads I cautiously made my way south-westward towards my next destination, the wonderful primary rainforest of the Osa Peninsula. I'd booked myself into Finca Sueno de Osa, a remote lodge deep in the heart of the forest with miles of private trails, hoping to see some of the peninsula's fabulous wildlife without having to arrange a guided tour of Corcovado National Park... and I wasn't disappointed.

Filipe the owner had arranged a night tour for me with expert herpetologis Marcello Carvajal and as a bonus the brilliant naturalist and photographer Cynthia Bandurek (https://cynthiabandurek.com/) turned up as well to provide a memborable expedition with a host of amphibians, reptiles and invertebrates as well as a noisy troupe of Kinkajou accompanying us overhead.


Northern Cat-eyed Snake eating Pugnosed Treefrog
Northern Cat-eyed Snake (Leptodeira septentrionalis) eating a Pugnosed Treefrog (Smilisca sila)

Pugnosed Treefrog (Smilisca sila) Beautiful Emerald Glass Frog (Centrolene prosoblepon)
Pugnosed Treefrog (Smilisca sila) calling
Emerald Glass Frog (Centrolene prosoblepon)

The Pacific Coast

After two days deep in the rainforest it was time to head north along the Pacific coast to my next lodge, the somewhat up-market Hacienda Baru. I was disappointed to find they no longer allow un-guided exploration of their trails at night but it was still an excellent location with peccaries, agouti and capuchin monkeys all common on the trails around the lodge as well as many different birds. I did manage to sneak onto the trails a little before dawn one morning and was rewarded with coati feeding in the tree tops and a smart little nine-banded armadillo scuttling around below.

The lodge is a 40 minute drive from Manuel Antonio National Park where I'd had great mammal encounters on my previous trip, but this time I was in for a shock. The entrance was swamped with hundreds of tourits and inside was a new network of concrete walkways, a large cafe and new strictly enforced regulations. All very sensible in light of the crowds but not exactly condusive to wildlife photography. The animals are sill there though with the army of guides using telescopes to show their clients both species of sloth as well as howler monkeys and various other wildlife.

Central American Agouti (Dasyprocta punctata) with a seed  White-faced Capuchin Monkey (Cebus imitator)
Central American Agouti (Dasyprocta punctata)
White-faced Capuchin (Cebus imitator)


Nicoya Peninsula

Continuing northwards my next stop was Playa Grande on the north-west coast. The biggest beach in Costa Rica might not seem like the ideal place for wildlife, but it's one of the world's most important breeding sites for Leatherback Turtles. Unfortunately due to the population decline, viewing Leatherbacks is no longer allowed but I did join a group watching Green Turtles egg-laying via red torch-light.

I had booked two days in the Santa Rosa section of Guanacaste Conservation Area but arrived to find everything except one short trail closed. Luckily the owner of the Sant Elena Lodge where I was staying, was able to direct me to an excellent site in the nearby forest where I had great views of both Spider and Howler monkeys as well as smart silvery variegated squirrels and various birds .

Mantled Howler Monkey (Alouatta palliata) Central Amercian Spider Monkey (Ateles geoffroyi)
Mantled Howler Monkey (Alouatta palliata)
Central Amercian Spider Monkey (Ateles geoffroyi)


Palo Verde

My final destination before heading home was the Biological Station at Palo Verde National Park, a large wetland reserve which also contains extensive dry forest, two habitats I hadn't explored much in Costa Rica. At the peak of the dry season with low water levels and a lot of the forest life dormant I didn't have very high expectations... how wrong could I be? Thanks to the expert guidance of biological guide Ulises Chavarrí, Palo Verde turned out to be the highlight of the trip!

Even viewed from a distance, the huge flocks of Wood Stork intermingled with ibis, spoonbill, ducks and waders were impressive, but it was the dry forest that really surprised me. A night walk brought opossom, deer and rabbits but then Ulises showed me a natural spring deep in the forest. Concealing myself nearby in the late afternoon, I spent four magical hours watching a host of wildlife come to drink including coati, curassow, deer, peccaries a tayra and my first ever ocelot!

Tayra (Eira barbara) in Palo Verde
Tayra (Eira barbara)

White-nosed Coati (Nasua narica) in a tree Ocelot (Leopardus pardalis) in Palo Verde National Park
White-nosed Coati (Nasua narica)
Ocelot (Leopardus pardalis)


Monteverde... and home

Reluctantly taking my leave of Palo Verde I drove back towards San Jose, stopping to spend a night in Monteverde on the way. Like Manuel Antonio, this area was teeming with tourists including the night hike I'd booked where I turned up to find literally hundreds of people setting off into the forest in a procession. Again though there was plenty of wildlife and everything was well managed to minimise the disturbance.

Next morning after photographing a few more local birds I headed back for the airport, mandatory Covid test and flight back home. Covid regulations had made the trip more stressful but it was certainly worth all the effort. Costa Rica has to be one of the best all round wildlife destinations in the world but only as long as the local people continue to earn money from foreign visitors like me.

Species Lists

San Gerado de Dota Mammals

Red-tailed Squirrel (Sciurus granatensis)
Northern Raccoon (Procyon lotor)(camera trap)

Osa Peninsula Herpetofauna

Pygmy Rain Frog (Pristimantis ridens)
Boulenger’s Snouted Tree Frog (Scinax boulengeri)
Pugnosed tree frog (Smilisca sila)
Emerald Glass Frog (Centrolene prosoblepon)
Cane Toad (Rhinella marina)
Hourglass Tree Frog (Dendropsophus ebraccatus)
Salmon-bellied Racer (Mastigodryas melanolomus)
Blunthead Tree Snake (Imantodes cenchoa)
Northern Cat-eyed Snake (Leptodeira septentrionalis)
Bighead Anole (Anolis capito)
Aquatic Anole (Anolis aquaticus)
Slender Anole (Anolis limifrons)
Many-scaled Anole (Anolis polylepis)

Osa Peninsula Mammals

Central American Squirrel Monkey (Saimiri oerstedii)
White-faced Capuchin (Cebus imitator)
Mantled Howler Monkey (Alouatta palliata)(heard)
White-nosed Coati (Nasua narica)
Kinkajou (Potos flavus)
Underwood's Pocket Gopher (Heterogeomys underwoodi)
Striped Hog-nosed Skunk (Conepatus semistriatus)(camera trap)
Paca (Agouti paca)(camera trap)

Hacienda Baru & Manuel Antonio Mammals


Brown-throated Three-toed Sloth (Bradypus variegatus)
Hoffmann's Two-toed Sloth (Choloepus hoffmanni)
Nine-banded Armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus)
White-faced Capuchin (Cebus imitator)
Mantled Howler Monkey (Alouatta palliata)
Variegated Squirrel (Sciurus variegatoides)
Central American Agouti (Dasyprocta punctata)
White-nosed Coati (Nasua narica)
Collared Peccary (Dicotyles tajacu)

Nicoya Peninsula Mammals


Central American Spider Monkey (Ateles geoffroyi)
Mantled Howler Monkey (Alouatta palliata)
Variegated Squirrel (Sciurus variegatoides)
Central American Agouti (Dasyprocta punctata)
White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus)

Palo Verde Mammals


Common Opossum (Didelphis marsupialis)
White-faced Capuchin (Cebus imitator)
Mantled Howler Monkey (Alouatta palliata)(heard)
Variegated Squirrel (Sciurus variegatoides)
Central American Agouti (Dasyprocta punctata)
Eastern Cottontail (Sylvilagus floridanus)
White-nosed Coati (Nasua narica)
Tayra (Eira barbara)
Ocelot (Leopardus pardalis)
Collared Peccary (Dicotyles tajacu)
White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus)

Monteverde Mammals

Hoffmann's Two-toed Sloth (Choloepus hoffmanni)
Nine-banded Armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus)
White-faced Capuchin (Cebus imitator)
Variegated Squirrel (Sciurus variegatoides)
Gray Fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus)
Central American Agouti (Dasyprocta punctata)
White-nosed Coati (Nasua narica)
Kinkajou (Potos flavus)

Fiery-throated Hummingbird (Panterpe insignis) flying
Fiery-throated Hummingbird (Panterpe insignis)